Personal Note On Leadership And Leadership - 1681 Words

1.0 Introduction All individual has some dreams and goals for his/her betterment, improvement or successful future. But, unfortunately, only having ideas and objectives is not sufficient. We need to take practical steps, make a change, and works to get them in a better way, and these measures and actions demand a different kind of knowledge, skills and talent to become successful. After my encounter with the module, I was able to make some personal change. This module has changed my views, even my philosophy of life being a leader and how to manage change. 2.0 Personal Change I wanted I being a fresher with no clue to what business management is all about. My thought towards leadership and change was that, anybody who leads or lead a group†¦show more content†¦The model has three distinct stages. The first phase is called endings. I had to let go of the way I waste my time on irrelevant things that have affected me in the past. For example during my MSc degree, I spent a lot of time that almost cost me meeting up with the deadline that would have affected my result. During this process, I experienced mixed emotions as I was very frustrated because I won t be able to do things at my convenience time anymore. I went through real pain and gut-wrenching, mainly because I can t do things at my convenience time anymore. Although, I was well prepared for managing the change as it s for my betterment. The second stage was stressful for me as I experience higher workload with my new system of working and living my life. I suffered low morale and low productivity on my assignment and things I do. Finally, the third stage, the new beginning. I was happy to embrace the change and building on the skills I needed to work successfully in a new way is my priority. I saw signs of high energy in things I do e.g. not getting stressed up at the end of day, I become more efficient at setting and achieving priorities and objectives and was able to learn more about my strengths and weakness. Making this changes has benefited my life as it s given me extra time to spend with my family, spend time on things I enjoyed, devote the hour of my education and work. I learned how to delegate, having aShow MoreRelatedPersonal Note On Leadership And Management2196 Words   |  9 Pages Theme 1 1. Leadership and Management The Experience(s) After this lecture I could reanalyze my previous experience as buyer, where the company use to incentive each Procurement Professional to be a leader of their â€Å"Families†. As buyer I did not use just to buy, but lead all strategy about the purchase of that segment for whole company in the country, even I was not a manager. This was a great experience. Moreover, as part of the strategy, we had to interact to the leaders (internal clients) ofRead MoreLeadership Style Of A Healthcare1214 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership in a healthcare setting requires a great breath of knowledge specific to healthcare and but it also requires soft skills that can be translated to many other professional endeavors. This essay will examine the leadership style of a specific healthcare professional, the strategies and skills that she uses to motivate their staff members and the results or impacts of the application of the skills and knowledge of leadership. The interview of th is leader allowed an insight into the innerRead MoreSpiratuality in Public Administration1402 Words   |  6 PagesPublic Service and In the Study of Leadership, Spirituality Is the Unexpected Elephant in the Room. I will show how the authors relate spirituality to leadership. They tend to sway to the opinion that spirituality is needed in the workplace and is effective in leadership. 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In his book The SpiritualRead MoreLeadership Reseach Proposal For Leadership1401 Words   |  6 Pages Leadership reseach proposal for leadership project Personal Profile (750 words) According to McPheat (2010), the main style of the leader is democratic. Democratic leader is who values the team’s ideas and looks for own input in decision-making. Furthermore, this style is tending to motivate members to do their best work (Cunningham, Salomone Wiegus, 2015). However, even though democratic style values team’s ideas and decision making, leader will have to think about the decision for a long timeRead MoreSat2 Contract1090 Words   |  5 PagesCONTRACT Team Name: Team G 1. Identify a role for each team member. How will this structure allow the team to be more effective? The first two roles must be filled. Other roles could include facilitator, team members, note taker, timekeeper, and reviewer/publisher. (Note: There must be a team leader as well as someone designated to compile (a compiler) the handbook in addition to the remaining roles listed above.) Role | Team Member Name | How will this structure allow the team to be moreRead MoreMy Personal Leadership Challenge Analysis1227 Words   |  5 Pagesreaddress my personal leadership challenge involves better understanding the concepts of values-based leadership, situational leadership, and style, skills, and trait approaches to leadership. Values-based leadership revolves around how the values that people have, influence the decisions they make and the actions they take. Northouse mentions that â€Å"because leaders usually have more power and control than followers, they also have more responsibility to be sensitive to how their leadership affects followers’Read MoreLeadership Practices Necessary For Organizational Change1567 Words   |  7 PagesMontana State University Essential Leadership Practices Necessary for Organizational Change I have worked with and known leaders. Leaders who impacted change, leaders who hindered change, and leaders who have simply maintained. Having formed opinions on certain practices that can contribute to enhancing effective leadership, I had never deeply assessed or identified the practices that can promote, guide, and enhance organizational change and improvement. When I read, Implementing Change PatternsRead MoreLeadership Is A God Given Gift. De Facto Not Just Anyone Can Be A Leader983 Words   |  4 PagesThe ability to lead takes heart and patience. One might say that leadership is a God-given gift; de facto not just anyone can be a leader. Education today is an embodiment of diversity. Each aspect of the educational institution’s architecture demands an array of varying needs be meet with precision, dedication, mastery, and fortitude. A leader must personify patience, enthusiasm, and a desire for continued learning. A leader must lead by example. These traits embody a n exceptional leader, whichRead MoreTheology And Pastoral Leadership : Theology Essay1506 Words   |  7 Pages(2009). Theology and Pastoral Leadership. Anglican Theological Review, 91(1), 11-30 Beeley makes the argument that theology lies at the center of Christian leadership. It sites early theologians from the past, later theologians in the Anglican and other traditions. The author provides the relationship between theology and practicalities of leaders work, the ministry of the word, pastoral interpretation of Scripture, and the regular study of the work of Christian leadership. He points out in the article

Tqm (Total Quality Management) Free Essays

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT Total Quality Management formally known as total quality control emphasizes the crucial role of management in the quality process and utilizes a combination of methods, theories, techniques, and quality guru strategies for achieving world-class quality. TQM is not a complete solution formula as viewed by many but a lasting commitment to the process of continuous improvement. Total quality management is not a fad of the times, but rather a correction of the previous failures in management combined to produce a better management style when used appropriately (http://www. We will write a custom essay sample on Tqm (Total Quality Management) or any similar topic only for you Order Now ejs. com, retrieved August 1, 2009). The word â€Å"total† in Total Quality Management means that everyone in the organization participates in the overall effort in process improvement. Quality means meeting or exceeding customer (internal or external) expectation and management means improving and maintaining business processes or activities. Communications, cultural transformation, participative management, customer focus and continuous improvement are the five basic elements of TQM. Communication is the exchange of information and understanding between two or more people. There is communication if the information is received and understood. A company will not be successful if it will not listen to employees and to its customers. If there is on fundamental principle of TQM, it is that quality is what the customer defines it as, not what the organization defines it to be. TQM calls for a cultural transformation which requires a high level of workforce engagement wherein people do their utmost for the benefit of their customers and for the success of the organization. Cultural information implies that all employees must change their traditional way of thinking about business. It is a cultural change for everyone to be responsible for quality. For the past years, quality was viewed as a manufacturing problem only, but it has now become a service issue as well. TQM is a philosophy that prevents poor quality in products and services. A company vision that defines and supports quality must be shared by anyone in an organization. TQM also involves Participative Management Style where managers develop genuine partnership with the workforce and they both contribute to achieving quality. This management philosophy is often misused by management as a way of avoiding responsibility. Managers using this philosophy must be leaders, take the initiative, and accept responsibility for giving orders or making decisions. Participative management can be best achieved through empowerment and involvement. Every member of the organization gives their views and suggestions regarding improvements and the combined thoughts and ideas will be evaluated by the empowered associates who have the authority to make decisions and to take actions in their work areas without prior approval while willingly supported by the executives and managers. The pursuit of TQM must emphasize customer focus which is an important factor in an organizational survival or demise. Organizations depend on their customers and therefore should understand current and future customer needs, should meet customer requirements and strive to exceed customer expectations. The last element of TQM is the continuous improvement which should be a permanent objective of the organization in its overall performance. Applying the principle of continual improvement typically leads to employing a consistent organization-wide approach to continual improvement of the organization’s performance, providing people with training in the methods and tools of continual improvement, making continual improvement of products, processes and systems an objective for every individual in the organization, establishing goals to guide, and measures to track, continual improvement, and recognizing and acknowledging improvements. Bibliography: A. Books Aquino, G. V. (2005) Fundamentals of research. Mandaluyong City: Cacho Hermanos, Incorporated. Cruz, Myrna. (2007). Statistics and probability theory, Makati City: Cruz Publishing. Evans, J. R. Dean, J. W. (2000) Total quality management organization and strategy. Australia: Southwestern College Publication. How to cite Tqm (Total Quality Management), Essay examples

How does Shakespeare use Mercutio in act 3 scene 1 Essay Example For Students

How does Shakespeare use Mercutio in act 3 scene 1? Essay Shakespeare uses Mercutio in several ways in act 3 scene 1. He uses him to introduce the likelihood of a fight, to escalate an already explosive situation and to further the plot. His actions in this scene turn the whole play around from comedy to certain tragedy, Mercutios death speech. Benvolio and Mercutio introduce the topic of the likelihood of a fight. The day is hot, the Capulets are abroad, And if we meet we shall not scape a brawl, Benvolio talks of how hot it is and how there is anger between the Capulets and the Montagues. He says that the Capulets are around and if they meet theyll have to fight. Almost all assassinations in Italy are committed during the heat of summer. He is trying to talk sense into Mercutio, but Mercutio makes jokes of his level headedness. and by the operation of the second cup draws him on the drawer, when indeed there is no need. Mercutio taunts Benvolio saying that he isnt as level headed as he might think. He says that as soon as he gets a few drinks down him he is just as up for a fight, maybe even more so than most. He makes Benvolio forget about wanting to leave because hes busy trying to defend himself against Mercutios accusations. Leading to them meeting the Capulets witch would never have happened if they had decided to leave. When Tybalt turns up at the scene he is polite when requesting a word and Mercutio is the one who suggests a fight. And but one word with one of us? Couple it with something, make it a word and a blow. Tybalt doesnt seem to have come to the scene with the intention to fight Mercutio or Benvolio but in his position he cannot back down. Mercutio is spurring on Tybalt to fight. A fight now seems inevitable, this would not have been possible if it wasnt for the character of Mercutio. Benvolio seems to be making excuses for why they should not be fighting. We talk here in the public haunt of men. Either withdraw unto some private place, Or reason coldly of your grievances, Or else depart. Here all eyes gaze on us. Benvolio is saying that they shouldnt be fighting out in the open where they will attract attention. He is partly worried because the prince gave them a last warning abut fighting on the street but hes also trying to give Mercutio an honourable way out of the fight. Mercutio is quick to dismiss the argument meaning that he has decided to fight. When Romeo is trying to make peace with Tybalt, Mercutio sees it as an act of cowardice. O calm, dishonourable, vile submission: Alla stoccata carries it away! Tybalt, you rat-catcher, will you walk? He says he will fight for Romeo. He says that submission wont solve the quarrel but swordplay will end the fight. He challenges Tybalt directly and insults him. Tybalt cant ignore this and therefore accepts his offer. When Mercutio is injured he changes his view. A plague o both your houses. He is now pointing out to the audience that hes not actually attached (in blood) to either house. Also his speech intensifies the feeling of the stupidity of the feud. He only realises the futility of it all when its too late. Mercutios death is the pivotal point in the play, turning the play right around to certain tragedy. As well as using Mercutio to steer the direction of the play, Shakespeare uses him to insert comedy in to the play. .u6134771864eef10bb4fce91771ae5c22 , .u6134771864eef10bb4fce91771ae5c22 .postImageUrl , .u6134771864eef10bb4fce91771ae5c22 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6134771864eef10bb4fce91771ae5c22 , .u6134771864eef10bb4fce91771ae5c22:hover , .u6134771864eef10bb4fce91771ae5c22:visited , .u6134771864eef10bb4fce91771ae5c22:active { border:0!important; } .u6134771864eef10bb4fce91771ae5c22 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6134771864eef10bb4fce91771ae5c22 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6134771864eef10bb4fce91771ae5c22:active , .u6134771864eef10bb4fce91771ae5c22:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6134771864eef10bb4fce91771ae5c22 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6134771864eef10bb4fce91771ae5c22 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6134771864eef10bb4fce91771ae5c22 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6134771864eef10bb4fce91771ae5c22 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6134771864eef10bb4fce91771ae5c22:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6134771864eef10bb4fce91771ae5c22 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6134771864eef10bb4fce91771ae5c22 .u6134771864eef10bb4fce91771ae5c22-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6134771864eef10bb4fce91771ae5c22:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Shakespeare othello EssayThough wilt quarrel with a man for cracking nuts, having no other reason but because thou hast hazel eyes. He lightens the mood in the audience to give them a break from building tension, high emotions and other serious matters. Mercutio is a catalyst to the squabble. He almost single-handedly turns the play. He makes emotions run high whenever he is involved in a confrontation. Even in death he spurs Romeo on to kill Tybalt. In version of the play Mercutio is cast as a black man to show that hes not actually related to either family and to show his relation to the prince or chief of police; also a black man. He seems quite serious as well as being comical while proposing the idea of a fight to Tybalt. When he steps in to fight instead of Romeo hes saving him more than just fighting for him because Tybalt is kicking and punching Romeo, but Romeo refuses to fight. This makes it seem a bit more like he was forced into fighting instead of wanting to. When Tybalt stabs Mercutio he looks like he does it intentionally in the heat of the fight, but regrets it afterwards. During Mercutios last speech the sky overhead darkens and a storm begins showing that this is the most crucial part of the play. Mercutio dies dramatically, in Romeos arms; showing how much his death means to Romeo and how much it will affect him. In Franco Zeffirellis version of the play Mercutio starts the scene entertaining and joking. The whole scene is based around Mercutios comedy and the whole fight seems playful and harmless. When Mercutio is stabbed, Tybalt falls into him instead of thrusting his blade purposefully. When he withdraws his blade he looks shocked that there is blood on it as though he didnt mean to hurt Mercutio. When Mercutio is making his speech everyone around is laughing. Because of how much Mercutio jokes normally, they think that he is acting. Romeo looks like hes unsure whether hes joking or not when Mercutio starts talking about A plague o both your houses. No one knows that hes not joking until he falls and Benvolio announces him as dead. I prefer Baz Luhrmanns version because I think he showed that the characters were teenagers not adults better than in the other film. I like the way he modernised the film but still kept the old dialogue. I also like the way hes used the weather to show moods in parts of the movie. Young people can relate to this version better. The film shows that these kinds of events still happen; its not just something that would happen in Shakespeares time. I also like the way hes used the whether to show moods in parts of the movie.

Lifebouys Marketing Strategies free essay sample

Lifebuoy is a product of Hindustan Unilever Ltd. The brands core promise is protection and a commitment to support life . Lifebuoys programmes aims to educate people about the benefits of handwash with soap, and how handwash can help kill invisible, disease causing germs. It guarantee’s protection to everyone . this brand has established it self as the disinfectant soap , and has achieved immense success in all its campaign. Lifebuoy is one of the leading soaps in the market , thus my study will show a detailed study of its market strategies INTRODUCTION MARKETING STRATEGIES Marketing strategy is defined by David Aaker as a process that can allow an organization to concentrate its resources on the optimal opportunities with the goals of increasing sales and achieving a sustainable competitive advantage. Marketing strategy includes all basic and long-term activities in the field of marketing that deal with the analysis of the strategic initial situation of a company and the formulation, evaluation and selection of market-oriented strategies and therefore contribute to the goals of the company and its marketing objectives. We will write a custom essay sample on Lifebouys Marketing Strategies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page FMCG INDUSTRY OF HUL IN INDIA FMCG came into in existence in 1888 when Sun Light soap was firstly seen at KOLKATA harbor. It was made by Lever brothers in England. After that in 1895 Lifebuoy and after that Lux, Pears and Vim bar Hindustan Unilever Limited (‘HUL’), formerly Hindustan Lever Limited (it was renamed in late June 2007 as HUL), is Indias largest Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) company, touching the lives of two out of three Indians with over 20 distinct categories in Home Personal Care Products and Foods Beverages. These products endow the company with a scale of combined volumes of about 4 million tonnes and sales of nearly Rs 13718 crores. HUL is also one of the countrys largest exporters; it has been recognized as a Golden Super Star Trading House by the Government of India. The mission that inspires HULs over 15,000 employees, including over 1,300 managers, is to add vitality to life. HUL meets everyday needs for nutrition, hygiene, and personal care with brands that help people feel good, look good and get more out of life. It is a mission HUL shares with its parent company, Unilever, which holds 52. 10% of the equity. The rest of the shareholding is distributed among 360,675 individual shareholders and financial institutions. LIFEBOUY Lifebuoy is a product of Hindustan Unilever Ltd. , India, which was earlier called the Unilever ltd. Lifebuoy is actually a brand which was invented globally before the term global branding itself was invented. It was invented in 1894 in UK as the royal disinfectant soap by William Hesketh Lever. In India Lever brothers introduced Lifebuoy in 1895 with the set up of offices for sales and marketing in Chennai, Mumbai, Kolkata and Karachi. Consistent in Lifebuoys 110+ year history has been its championing of health through hygiene. The brands core promise of protection and a commitment to support life through unbeatable protection is at the heart of the brand name itself – Lifebuoy, the guarantee of protection when you are threatened. While brands have managed to upgrade their image and evolve together with their consumers – Lifebuoy is a great example, having moved from a carbolic, sweaty association to desirable health imagery – there has been no example of a brand that has moved to the top of the pole after residing at the bottom. The relaunch of the soap in 2002, 2004 again in 2006 have been turning points in its history. In 2004, Lifebuoy’s product offering was revamped with contemporary packaging and an upmarket look. While that went down well with existing users, new users were still elusive; they continued to perceive the product as a ‘cheap soap for poor people’. That perception had to be changed without alienating the Lifebuoy loyalists. The objective for HUL was to launch a campaign that helped the soap shed its old-fashioned image and gain an entry into two million urban households. Lifebuoy before the end of the first quarter of 2011 was the leader in soap market in India after which they lost the competition to Reckitt Benckisers Dettol. Dettol is now the market leader with 42% of the market share whereas lifebuoy has 41% of the market share in the same market. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY REASON for selecting this topic Lifebuoy makes a moving appeal with Muthu’s story: Hindustan Unilever’s soap brand Lifebuoy has launched a social media campaign ‘Saving Lives’, inviting people to pledge support for the health initiatives it has undertaken on ground. The three-minute film has been created by Lowe Lintas and Partners and is currently on YouTube and Facebook. The film set in a village starts with a small boy (Muthu) spotting handprints in the mud outside his house. Curious, he sets out to follow the trail. He then spots his father who is walking on his hands across the town. He begins to walk along and very soon other villagers join them. His father continues his journey across the fields with the size of the procession increasing with musicians too walking along. A young lady, who seems like a tourist from the city, sees the procession from a bus and is intrigued. She joins them, trying to find out what is happening. The procession climbs on top of a hill, the man still walking on his hands over the rocky terrain. Finally, they reach their destination a temple. The man pays his respects to God before finally putting his feet on the ground. He explains to the priest that his son Muthu has turned five. The young lady asks the bystander what the big deal about turning five was. The bystander explains that Muthu is the man’s only child to have survived till the age of five. The film ends with the super announcing: On the initiative, Samir Singh, global vice president, Lifebuoy, said: â€Å"Lifebuoy’s goal is to change the hand-washing behaviours of a billion people by 2015 in order to help save lives and reduce disease. On top of the work we have been doing on ground for the last 10 years, we needed people to support our cause in huge numbers to reach our goal. † There are other HYGIENE EDUCATION AND DISASTER RELIEF measures that Lifebouy has takes in times of natural disaster. In 2004 after a Tsunami hit Asia, Lifebuoy bars were sent in relief packages to India, Sri Lanka and Indonesia to help prevent the spread of disease. The brand also provided aid after earthquakes hit Pakistan and Northern India in 2005. Lifebuoy donated over 200,000 bars of soap to the International Committee of the Red Cross to support the recovery effort. Lifebouy’s campaign continues today, with Lifebuoy hygiene education programmes ongoing in countries including India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Indonesia and Vietnam. These are the few reasons which motivated me to make this project . The main OBJECTIVE of the project is to find: The strategies used to market its world famous soap, LIFEBUOY, in India ;the process of using market segmentation, target marketing, the product, pricing, promotional and distribution strategies. To analyse how it has established itself as the disinfectant soap . To study its competitors strategies and lifebouy’s relationship with them. LITERATURE REVIEW: Article 1: Brand story: Lifebuoy’s journey that is in the spotlight. Sruthi Radhakrishnan, ET Bureau Mar 23, 2011, 05. 08am IST When you go to a doctor, there are some very strict, disciplinarian ones and there are some who make light of the illness. Lifebuoy is the second kind of doctor, says Amer Jaleel, NCD, Lowe Lintas. Lifebuoy, for long, has been associated with a big, red, chunky bar of soap that keeps one healthy. The heritage brand, which has been around for more than a 100 years now (the first container with Lifebuoy soaps landed on Indian shores in 1895 at Bombay Harbour), was once touted to be the soap that was everything male and sporty. It has now become a family brand. Article 2: HULs advertising on rotis at the Kumbh Mela Lifebuoy se haath dhoye kya? February 8, 2013 | Sagar Malviya , ET Bureau. At Kumbh Mela, the largest congregation on earth where all big marketers are vying to sell their wares and boost their brands, one promotion that stands out is Hindustan Unilevers Roti Reminder for its Lifebuoy soap brand, ET reports. The countrys largest consumer products firm, along with creative agency Ogilvy, has partnered more than 100 dhabas and hotels at the mela site to serve rotis that are stamped with Lifebuoy se haath dhoye kya? (Have you washed your hand with Lifebuoy? ) The Roti Reminder gets a consumers attention at the exact time when hand washing is critical, Sudhir Sitapati, general manager, skin cleansing, at HUL, says. That is, right when she sits down to eat roti with her hand. At Kumbh Mela, the largest congregation on earth where all big marketers are vying to sell their wares and boost their brands, one promotion that stands out is Hindustan Unilevers Roti Reminder for its Lifebuoy soap brand, ET reports. The countrys largest consumer products firm, along with creative agency Ogilvy, has partnered more than 100 dhabas and hotels at the mela site to serve rotis that are stamped with Lifebuoy se haath dhoye kya? (Have you washed your hand with Lifebuoy? ) The Roti Reminder gets a consumers attention at the exact time when hand washing is critical, Sudhir Sitapati, general manager, skin cleansing, at HUL, says. That is, right when she sits down to eat roti with her hand. Article 3 Hindustan Unilever celebrates Global Handwashing Day Ahona Ghosh, ET Bureau Oct 15, 2012, 05. 06PM IST Hindustan Unilever is celebrating its 5th annual Global Handwashing Day across the country today. An initiative of the companys Lifebuoy brand of soap the campaign has been designed to raise awareness of handwashing with soap as a simple but lifesaving habit. At Mumbais Municipal Corporation School in Worli today the companys CEO, Nitin Paranjpe, film actress Kajol and Dr. Nirupam Bajpai, Director of the Columbia Global Centers, South Asia, and a Senior Development Advisor at the Earth Institute at Columbia University,spent two hours this morning with the children in an interactive session on benefits of handwashing. Article 4 Lifebuoy to get a facelift Rajas Kelkar, TNN Feb 9, 2002, 01. 00am IST Mumbai : Hindustan Lever, the countrys largest consumer goods company, will relaunch its 107-year old lifebuoy brand in an attempt to upgrade its image and positioning. this will be the first major relaunch of the soap and it will transform lifebuoy from a low-end, mass product into a brand new soap with a new price, packaging and positioning. sources said the company is reducing the size of the normal lifebuoy soap to 125 gms from 150 gms and increasing the price to rs 9 from rs 8. 50, an effective hike of 27 per cent. the company will make a formal announcement on february 12. company officials remained tightlipped about the issue. when contacted, a hll spokesman declined to comment. analysts say lever is attempting to revive the brands fortunes which have declined recently due to falling volumes in the overall soap segment. lifebuoy commands a volume market share of 18 per cent and is one of the most successful brands in the lever stable. but it has recently lost market share in a declining soaps market and its value dipped to rs 450 crore in 2001 from rs 595 crore in 2000. the price hike will come close on the heels of similar moves by lever in other products in the personal wash category. they believe that the current stock price of hll has already taken into account the price revision to be announced by hll. the current price factors in the increase in prices of key brands like lifebuoy and lux. the company is making an effort to boost its margins through the strategy. we do not believe that the price hike will result in a significant boost in sales or margins in the short-term. a large part of the earnings will be spent on promotions and marketing efforts required for relaunches, a dealer at a leading institutional brokerage commented. the hll stock rose 3. 59 per cent to rs 231 from rs 223, the third straight day of gains. the personal care wash category accounts for 18 per cent of the companys total sales revenues. Article 5 The FMCG and Retail Marketing blog Posted on December 18, 2010 Great Sales Promotion Strategy: Haath Dhoye Kya (Lifebuoy Hand Sanitizers) Was sitting in Coffee Cafe Day having a cup of coffee with a friend at santacruz east incidentally when I entered in the coffee shop I saw every table being displayed with a Lifebuoy Hand Sanitizer with a tag line â€Å"Haath Dooye Kya†. Great Sales Promotion Strategy: Haath Dhoye Kya (Lifebuoy Hand sanitizer) Now this is such a smart marketing where you are making consumer getting addicted to the consumption of the product by providing them live sample of the product with the freedom of using the product without paying for it. Now this is generating intense consumption need of the product which is already being consumed for instance take the example of those tooth paste companies who educated their present consumer who used to brush their teeth once in a day by just letting â€Å"consumer aware that you should brush your teeth twice in a day or every 12 hrs† rather than once in 24 hrs. Now in this case they have segmented it very well they have taken the Promotion spot as Coffee cafe day where most of the people who visit are middle and upper middle class and most of them are really hygiene conscious and with such a attacking tag line â€Å"Haath dhoya kya† will unnecessary will remind you that dude I need to wash my hand and I think while using this sanitizer he will think of buying a hand sanitizer for himself because of the fact that most of the people carry bag along with them in Mumbai so will think of buying it after using it . Think Buddy â€Å"Haath dhoya kya†. Article 6 Sanitizer cos cashing in on swine flu scare Ratna Bhushan, ET Bureau Dec 24, 2009, 02. 11am IST NEW DELHI: For decades, personal hygiene for Indians started and ended with Lifebuoy soaps and Dettol hand wash. Not any more. With swine flu scare sweeping across the country and spreading consciousness about hygiene like never before, a bunch of consumer product makers including Godrej Consumer Products, Paras Pharmaceuticals and Wipro Consumer Care have jumped into this market with hand sanitizers. Hindustan Unilever too has launched its hand sanitizer in select markets under the Lifebuoy brand alright, but its facing competition from Himalaya Herbal Healthcare, one of the few existing players that had so long restricted its sales mostly to hospitals, and a spate of new regional brands Article 7 The Indian Express Lifebuoy told to pay Dettol for ‘slanderous’ ad Krishnadas Rajagopal : New Delhi, July 19, Sun Jul 20 2008, 00:14 hrs A doctor husbands advice to his wife on a television ad to use Lifebuoy instead of a green-covered antiseptic soap cost the 110-year-old UK-launched brand name Rs 5 lakh in damages to competitor Dettol. The almost 10-second clip beamed on several TV channels features a man and his wife back home on a rain-soaked day. The woman decides to take a bath with an ordinary antiseptic soap in a green-white cover, drawing ridicule from her doctor sahib. Naadaan ko aql dena, ham sab ko bachaa lena (Oh God save her†¦ show reason to the naive†¦ he sings with their children on TV to rubbish an orange coloured bar soap. The Delhi High Court restrained Hindustan Lever Limited, the manufacturers of brand Lifebuoy, from issuing or telecasting the advertisement and slapped punitive damages of Rs 5 lakh on the company. Justice Badar Durrez Ahmed termed the video clip a deliberate act to reduce the sales of brand Dettol through the device of slander. The ad, Dettol claimed, had caused a severe dent in the image of Dettol Original soap. Lifebuoy said Dettol had no exclusive right or monopoly over the colour, shape or packaging. Justice Ahmed said the yardstick to judge if the advertisement was defamatory lay in the image of Dettol soap that the public at large carried in their minds. METHODOLOGY: My Methodology would be primarily secondary material. These are the readily available sources of the data which hasalready been collected by some researchers, experts and specialties . The secondary sources helpful for the study was mainly the internet. I would analyse and give my information based on these materials. DISCUSSION : FINDINGS :- LIFEBUOY PORTFOLIO:- Today, the Lifebuoy brand is more than the quintessential bar of red soap, and provides hygiene and health for the entire family through a range of products like liquid hand wash and specially designed body wash. Beyond ensuring daily hygiene and freshness, Lifebuoy products also address special needs like anti-acne and skin fortification for an all around cleansing experience. PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE : Lifebuoy Bar is in the maturity stage of its life cycle Products HAND SANITIZER Lifebuoy Hand Sanitizer effectively disrupts bacteria’s cell membrane virus’s outer coat thereby kills germs viruses on your hands. Proven that it can instantly kill 99. 99% germs and H1N1 virus . Dries quickly, is non-sticky and has soothing fragrance. Has Moisturizer and Vitamin E to keep your hands soft and smooth. BAR SOAP Lifebuoy bar soaps support children’s health and growth by providing extended germ protection for up to 12 hours after a bath thanks to enhanced ingredients. Lifebuoy Body Wash provides deep cleansing of pores, protecting against the three root causes of skin health problems – clogged pores, over-drying, and infection-causing germs. HAND WASH Clean, germ-free hands are the key to good health, as ingestion of germs from unhygienic hands at mealtimes is the most likely cause for common diseases. Lifebuoy Hand Soaps offer hospital-strength germ protection, with a unique formulation that generates a rich lather. This provides an effective and hygienic wash in every corner of the hands and nails, at the same time leaving your hands pleasantly fragrant. MEN’S BODYWASH Male skin is more oily and sweaty, making it more prone to attacks from germs that cause skin problems and body odour. Lifebuoy Mens Body Washes are specially formulated to wash away excess oil and sweat, protecting against body odour and other problems caused by germs. Two variants provide the most important benefits to mens skin: CLEAR SKIN Lifebuoy Clear Skin provides specialist protection from acne, which results from oil and dirt coming together. Mineral clay or multani mitti absorbs the oil from your skin, while washing away germs and dirt to greatly reduce the incidence of acne. In fact, Lifebuoy Clear Skin has been shown to reduce acne up to 70 per cent in six weeks, guaranteeing visibly clearer skin MARKETING STRATEGIES FOR LIFEBUOY INTRODUCTION: Lifebuoy has always been marketed as ‘a tough cleaning soap for a tough man. ’ (Of course, the 2002 re-launch targeted Lifebuoy as a soap that brought good health to the entire family). Lifebuoy has been seen as a valuefor- money product, a soap that is long-lasting. In a very smart TV ad campaign, children are shown cleaning a street. The message put across is that since these children are secure from ailments that are caused by a lack of proper sanitation and hygiene, thanks to the fact that they use Lifebuoy, they are in a position to ensure cleanliness and hygiene for the entire community. Thus, Lifebuoy not only ensures good health and cleanliness for individuals, but healthy and productive communities as well. The ‘Lifebuoy Swasthya Chetana’ programme uses a‘direct consumer contact’methodology, and touches the lives of 70 million people in 18,000 villages. A unique feature of this campaign is that it utilizes multiple contacts, as opposed toother programmes which are single contact’ in nature. Gushes the HLL spokesman, â€Å"This programme aims to educate people about the benefits of handwash with soap, and how handwash can help kill invisible,disease causing germs. It is thus a marketing programme with a strong social cause of improving the health and hygiene of rural India. The brand USP is, ‘Lifebuoy provides 100% better protection from germs as compared to ordinary soaps. ’ LIFEBUOY’S MARKET SEGMENTATION AND TARGETING: The targeting market for lifebuoy is all households who can afford buying soap and who want to fulfill everyday need that provides them and their family with a 100 anti bacterial solution and complete protection from all germs bacteria and cleanliness from dirt Lifebuoy belief that children are the potential agent for change and impartingeducation on the importance of hand washing with soap will enable them to adopt early habit in life LIFEBUOY’S REPOSITIONING STRATEGY: Lifebuoy soap is a very old brand of bath soap in India, Life Buoy is an anti bacterial soap and in the beginning it positioned itself on its antibacterial qualities, lifebuoy gained a number of customers with this positioning, but then there comes the competition with the Dettol soap.. All this put Lifebuoy out of lime light and to survive in market, Lifebuoy positioned itself on price it became low price antibacterial soap. This strategy may have boosted short term sales of Lifebuoy but it lost its brand value and credibility in the minds of customers. Lifebuoy needed to reposition itself on quality ratherthan price. REPOSITIONING CAMPAIGN: The repositioning campaign of Lifebuoy was started at 2008, but it became more prominent and became effective in 2009, Lifebuoy along with the advertisement has improved its quality and fragrance, most of the people had shifted from lifebuoy because it was low quality and it smelled terribly, as Lifebuoy has improved its quality all it needed to run an effective advertisement campaign to get the customers attention. The advertisement team of Lifebuoy came up with excellent theme â€Å"Healthy Hoga Hindustan†and it is targeting parents which is their target market, Lifebuoy made very effective ad and it also used fear strategy (which is effective in case of antibacterial soap). This has enabled Lifebuoy to get more and more customers. Now a days, Lifebuoy is everywhere in Television, Radio, Newspapers and Billboards, Lifebuoy is running a huge campaign to promote itself which is very necessary in case of repositioning the brand. With the help of marketing department and advertisement, Lifebuoy has successfully repositioned itself as a quality antibacterial soap with better fragrance and more durability. Many companies try to reposition themselves when they see market trend shifting but most fail to do so. In case of Lifebuoy it has been successful. The interesting thing about this campaign is that Lifebuoy is running the same campaign in Pakistan and in India as is done by Unilever, this suggest that lifeboay is considering India and Pakistan as the similar market segment. MARKET STRATEGIES: Here in marketing strategies we will discuss the existing strategy of Lifebuoy along with some adjustments in the strategies to improve our selected product. The discussion of these market strategies are hereunder. MARKET SCOPE STRATEGY: Although Unilever itself is a part of a Multi market, but since we are talking about the product Lifebuoy we can say that it is using a multi market strategy as well because it has both soap and shampoo, not these two only but they have others antibacterial liquid baths as well opening a way for Lifebuoy to be a multiple product. MARKET ENTRY STRATERGY Lifebouy is one of the old products of uniliver which has more than 100years of successful journey ,we can simply say that Lifebuoy is the early entrants internationally and in India it is the first-in in its kind of soaps. By adopting the first-in strategy, Lifebuoy has captured the maximum share of the market. Over 60 years in India we guess there is not a single home that didn’t use it. Lifebuoy has taken the risk of the first-in and consequently got one of the biggest markets in Asian countries by providing its quality and sustained priced product to both rural and urban areas of India. MARKET COMMITMENT STRATEGY: Being the first-in in the market Unilever has shown strong commitment with its brand of life time i. e. Lifebuoy and that commitment to its brand has really foster the growth of Unilever as well as its brand of Lifebuoy. But from the recent decade Unilever is no more showing the strong commitment to Lifebuoy because over the period of time many of the competitors came in the market with new innovative product, better market strategies and stronger commitment. In the present scenario, Unilever is just showing an average commitment to its brand of Lifebuoy which has really put its brand on the back foot. STRATEGIES WITH RESPECT TO 4P’S: PRODUCT STRATEGIES: A product is anything that can be offered to a market to satisfy a need or want. Products that are marketed include physical goods, services, experiences, events, persons, places, properties, organizations, information and ideas. PRODUCT POSITIONING STRATEGY: â€Å"Placing a brand in that part of the market where it will have a favorable reception compare with other brands†. Unilever position Lifebuoy when come in red colors as a brand of low income group. They choose their segment and position their brand according to the needs and wants of the segments. This segment wants long life of the soap and the chemical formula of Lifebuoy enables it to have long life. PRODUCT REPOSITIONING STRATEGY: Due to competition, Unilever has to reposition its brand Lifebuoy because the needs and wants of people are changed. Unilever should revise its marketing mix to reposition Lifebuoy. Now they are targeting whole India by the advertisement â€Å"Healthy Hoga Hindustan†. They position their brand for the health conscious people. In repositioning they changed the shape, color and the attributes of the Lifebuoy because want this kind of changes and they do this through environmental scanning. PRODUCT SCOPE STRATEGY: Single Brand: Unilever is using single brand strategy when Lifebuoy came in traditional red color and use by lower income group. Multiple Brands :In order to attain the whole market Unilever has introduced Lifebuoy shampoo to capture more growth and profits. PRODUCT DESIGN STRATEGY: Deals with the standardization of the product. Unilever is using two of product development strategies. Standard product: Unilever is offering a standard product of Lifebuoy soap and shampoo by standardized packaged product. Customized product: In case of Lifebuoy shampoo different sizes are available, customers use according to its requirements from 200ml bottle to 5ml sachet pack since there is no one time consumption PRICING STRATEGIES: MARKET PENETRATION : Market penetration is the name given to a growth strategy where the business focuses on selling existing products into existing markets. Market penetration has four main objectives: Maintain or increase the market share of current products this can be achieved by a combination of competitive pricing strategies, advertising, sales promotion and perhaps more resources dedicated to personal selling. Secure dominance of growth market. Restructure a mature market by driving out competitors; this would require a much more aggressive promotional campaign, supported by a pricing strategy designed to make the market unattractive for competitors. Increase usage by existing customers – for example by introducing loyalty schemes. Ansoff Matrix : Current Product New Product Current Market Market Penetration Product Development New Market Market Development Diversification Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) like lifebuoy shop has fullfil requirements for making an impression in the market for penetrating: Strong distribution channel Minimum profit margin Simple marketing message Lesser-priced packs to increase affordability Packaging in smaller units and localized design that attracts consumers Convenience of storage while use Thorough knowledge of the village psyche In brief, the strategy revolves around what attracts consumers to a product PROMOTIONAL STRATEGIES: Successful promotion campaigns dont happen by chance. To realize goals, promotional products programs must be carefully planned, taking into consideration the audience, budget and, of course, the ultimate result to be gained. Sales promotions are non-personal promotional efforts that are designed to have an immediate impact on sales. Media and non-media marketing communications are employed for a pre-determined limited time to increase consumer demand, stimulate market demand or improve product availability. Lifebuoy is promoting its product using these kinds of promotional techniques Consumer sales promotion techniques: The different consumer sales promotion techniques used by Lifebuoy are: Price deal: A temporary reduction in the price, such as happy hour. Cents-off deal: Offers a brand at a lower price. Price reduction may be a percentage marked on the package. Price-pack deal: The packaging offers a consumer a certain percentage more of the product for the same price (for example, 25 percent extra). Coupons: coupons have become a standard mechanism for sales promotions. Free-standing insert (FSI): A coupon booklet is inserted into the local newspaper for delivery. Rebates: Consumers are offered money back if the receipt and barcode are mailed to the producer. Contests/sweepstakes/games: The consumer is automatically entered into the event by purchasing the product DISTRIBUTION STRATEGIES: Movement of goods and services from the source through the distribution channel, right up to the final consumer or user and the movement of payment in the opposite direction, right up to the original producer or supplier Chanel of Distribution: A distribution channel can be as short as being direct from the vendor to the consumer or may include several inter-connected (usually independent but mutually dependent) intermediaries such as wholesalers, distributors , agents, retailers. Each intermediary got the items at one pricing point and moves it to the next higher pricing point until it reaches the final buyer also called channel of distribution or marketing channel. Existing strategy: Unilever uses a lot of distributors and retailers to supply its products in each market where the final customer might reasonably look for it. While appointing a distributor for a particular area, management uses its own judgment to select such a person that has a potential to operate effectively. Unilever uses an intensive distribution strategy for lifebuoy soap while at the same brand but in shampoos category it introduces only extensive strategy. Unilever did not fight for the better shelf space for lifebuoy soap as Lifebuoy is targeting middle and low income consumers so shelf space is not important their main focus is on intensive distribution and ideal price with some innovation SWOT ANALYSIS OF LIFEBOUY COMPARASION : DETTOL AND LIFEBOUY PRODUCT: When we start talking about the products of Dettol, the first thing that strikes a chord in our mind is that â€Å"Dettol means secure† and we are â€Å"100% sure† about that. Dettol entered the soap market only with one soap,Dettol Original. And then diversified into 4 different soaps namely- Dettol original, Dettol skin care, Dettol cool and Dettol Fresh. Dettol soaps always come with a recommendation from IMA- Indian Medical Association. This sign makes Dettol more secure and safer. And the diversification of dettols products increased the customer base of the company because each one of its product is quality-wise different and caters the needs of different people in a much diversified country like India where preferences differs vividly. Dettol is a very old brand in India and is always considered as the 3rd most trusted brand in India. The success story of lifebuoy is in having moved from a carbolic, sweaty association to desirable health imagery. And when we discuss about the quality of lifebuoy, it stands as the soap with most durability in India. Long lasting life of the soap itself is USP for the brand. And coming to the next parameter in product category for lifebuoy, design, the design of the earlier bars of the royal disinfectant soap had been carried over for years by the company. The red color that really marked the brand name went under changes in yea

The Unexpected Presidency of Gerald R. Ford

The Unexpected Presidency of Gerald R. Ford Becoming vice president or President of the United States are no small feats. But between 1973 and 1977, Gerald R. Ford did both- without ever getting a single vote. How did he do that? In the early 1950s, when Michigans Republican Party leaders urged him to run for the  U.S. Senate  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ generally considered the next step to the presidency – Ford declined, stating that his ambition was to become  Speaker of the House, a position he called the ultimate achievement† at the time. â€Å"To sit up there and be the head honcho of 434 other people and have the responsibility, aside from the achievement, of trying to run the greatest  legislative  body in the history of mankind,† said Ford, â€Å"I think I got that ambition within a year or two after I was in the House of Representatives.† But after over a decade of putting forth his best efforts, Ford continually failed to be chosen as a speaker. Finally, he promised his wife Betty that if the speakership eluded him again in 1974, he would retire from Congress and political life in 1976. But far from returning to the farm, Gerald Ford was about to become the first person to have served as both Vice President and President of the United States without being elected to either office.   Suddenly, its Vice President Ford In October 1973, President  Richard M. Nixon  was serving his second term in the White House when his Vice President  Spiro Agnew  resigned before pleading no contest to federal charges of tax evasion and money laundering related to his acceptance of $29,500 in bribes while governor of Maryland. In the first ever application of the vice-presidential vacancy provision of the  25th Amendment  to the U.S. Constitution, President Nixon nominated then House Minority Leader Gerald Ford to replace Agnew. On November 27, the Senate voted 92 to 3 to confirm Ford, and on December 6, 1973, the House confirmed Ford by a vote of 387 to 35. One hour after the House voted, Ford was sworn in as Vice President of the United States.   When he agreed to accept President Nixons nomination, Ford told Betty that the Vice Presidency would be a nice conclusion to his political career. Little did they know, however,  that Fords political career was anything but over.   The Unexpected Presidency of Gerald Ford As Gerald Ford was getting used to the idea of being vice president,  a spellbound nation was watching the  Watergate scandal  unfold.   During the 1972 presidential campaign, five men employed by President Nixons Committee to Re-elect the President had allegedly broken into the Democratic National Committee headquarters in Washington D.C.s Watergate hotel, in an attempt to steal information related to Nixons opponent, George McGovern. On August 1, 1974, after weeks of accusations and denials, President Nixons Chief of Staff Alexander Haig visited Vice President Ford to tell him that the smoking gun evidence in the form of Nixon’s secret Watergate tapes had been exposed. Haig told Ford that conversations on the tapes left little doubt that President Nixon had taken part in, if not ordered, the cover-up of the Watergate break-in. At the time of Haigs visit, Ford and his wife Betty were still living in their suburban Virginia home while the vice presidents residence in Washington, D.C. was being renovated. In his memoirs, Gord would later say of the day, Al Haig asked to come over and see me, to tell me that there would be a new tape released on a Monday, and he said the evidence in there was devastating and there would probably be either an impeachment or a resignation. And he said, Im just warning you that youve got to be prepared, that these things might change dramatically and you could become president. And I said, Betty, I dont think were ever going to live in the vice presidents house.   With his impeachment almost certain, President Nixon resigned on August 9, 1974. According to the process of presidential succession, Vice President Gerald R. Ford was immediately sworn in as the 38th President of the United States.  Ã‚   In a live, nationally televised speech from the East Room of the White House, Ford stated, I am acutely aware that you have not elected me as your president by your ballots, and so I ask you to confirm me as your president with your prayers.   President Ford went on to add, My fellow Americans, our long national nightmare is over. Our Constitution works; our great Republic is a government of laws and not of men. Here, the people rule. But there is a higher power, by whatever name we honor Him, who ordains not only righteousness but love, not only justice but mercy. Let us restore the golden rule to our political process, and let brotherly love purge our hearts of suspicion and hate.   When the dust had settled, Fords prediction to Betty had come true. The couple moved into the White House without ever living in the vice presidents house.   As one of his first official acts, President Ford exercised Section 2 of the 25th Amendment and nominated Nelson A. Rockefeller of New York to be vice president. On August 20, 1974, both Houses of Congress voted to confirm the nomination and Mr. Rockefeller took the oath of office December 19, 1974.   Ford Pardons Nixon On September 8, 1974, President Ford granted former President Nixon a full and unconditional presidential pardon absolving him of any crimes he might have committed against the United States while president. In a nationally televised TV broadcast, Ford explained his reasons for granting the controversial pardon, stating that the Watergate situation had become â€Å"a tragedy in which we all have played a part. It could go on and on and on, or someone must write the end to it. I have concluded that only I can do that, and if I can, I must.† About the 25th Amendment Had it happened prior to the ratification of the 25th Amendment on Februayr 10, 1967, the resignations of Vice President Agnew and then President Nixon would have almost certainly triggered a monumental constitutional crisis.The 25th Amendment  superseded the wording of Article II, Section 1, Clause 6 of the Constitution, which failed to clearly state that the vice president becomes president if the president dies, resigns, or otherwise becomes incapacitated and unable to perform the duties of the office. It also specified the current method and order of presidential succession. Prior to the 25th Amendment, there had been incidents when the president was incapacitated. For example, when President Woodrow Wilson suffered a debilitating stroke on October 2, 1919, he was not replaced in office, as First Lady Edith Wilson, along with the White House Physician, Cary T. Grayson, covered up the extent of President Wilsons disability.  For the next 17 months, Edith Wilson actually carried out many presidential duties.   On 16 occasions, the nation had gone without a vice president because of the vice president had died or had become president through succession. For example, there was no vice president for almost four years after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. The assassination of President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963, prompted Congress to push for a constitutional amendment. Early, erroneous reports that Vice President Lyndon Johnson had also been shot created several chaotic hours in the federal government. Happing so soon after the Cuban Missile Crisis and with Cold War tensions still at a fever pitch, the Kennedy assassination forced Congress to come up with a specific method of determining presidential succession. New President Johnson experienced several health issues, and the next two officials in line for the presidency were 71-year-old Speaker of the House John Cormack and 86-year-old Senate President Pro Tempore Carl Hayden. Within three months of Kennedys death, the House and Senate passed a joint resolution that would be submitted to the states as the 25th Amendment. On February 10, 1967, Minnesota and Nebraska became the 37th and 38th states to ratify the amendment, making it the law of the land.

Benefits & Costs of Collaboration in IT Workplace

Two or more people or organisations ing together for a mon goal is a collaboration (Schuman, 2006). It is a joint effort (Rouse, 2016) and by definition excludes individual work. Information Technology (IT) is the use of puters, networks, storage and other infrastructure to store, retrieve, process, and share electronic data and is often employed in the context of business as opposed to personal use (Bigelow, 2015). This short paper discusses the benefits and costs of collaboration in an IT workplace. Collaboration promotes a superior quality of work by supporting the division of labour on which our present-day society is based. The ever-increasing specialisation in technology, processes, and customer requirements mean that an individual in an organisation can specialise and thus excel in one or just a handful of domains to be adding value to the entity's mission (Belcher, n.d.). This requirement implies we need to bring together people of different skills to achieve goals, thus, collaboration. Multiple minds working together leads to that many ideas and leads to achieve the task at hand. Collaboration helps build team morale and helps increase job satisfaction (Boyer, n.d.). It increases the chances of interaction among the team members which may aid in honing resilient teams which will care about the quality of work they produce. Collaboration requires the participation of multiple people, and thus the need to keep them on the same page, and thus meetings. It leads to meetings which are often inefficient and result in wasting time (Harmon & Cullinan, 2016). Collaboration may lead to useless power struggles (Belcher, n.d.). In the absence of a real authority figure, some individuals may attempt to gain power rather than concentrate on the task at hand. It may also lead to covert conflicts in working styles of individuals (Belcher, n.d.) who would rather like to work solo. Some of these people of these employees may take out their tension on the work, thus being detrimental to the organisation's goals. Belcher, L. Advantages & Disadvantages of Collaboration in the Workplace. Chron. Retrieved 28 January 2017, from https://smallbusiness.chron /advantages-disadvantages-collaboration-workplace-20965.html Bigelow, S. (2015). What is Information Technology (IT)? - Definition from WhatIs . TechTarget. Retrieved 28 January 2017, from https://searchdatacenter.techtarget /definition/IT Boyer, S. The Importance of Collaboration in the Workplace. Nutcache. Retrieved 28 January 2017, from https://www.nutcache /blog/the-importance-of-collaboration-in-the-workplace/ Harmon, S. & Cullinan, R. (2016). The Dark Side of Collaboration. The Huffington Post. Retrieved 28 January 2017, from https://www.huffingtonpost /shani-harmon/the-dark-side-of-collabor_b_9825020.html Rouse, M. (2016). What is collaboration? - Definition from WhatIs . TechTarget. Retrieved 28 January 2017, from https://whatis.techtarget /definition/collaboration Schuman, S. (2006). Creating a culture of collaboration (1st ed.). San Francisco, Calif.: Jossey-Bass.

Indian warriors, like all others, contained both strengths and Essay

Indian warriors, like all others, contained both strengths and weaknesses. What were the strengths and weaknesses specific to th - Essay Example It was difficult for the Indians to fight such an army which had strong discipline and organization. Many of the Indians made use of repeaters along with the bows and arrows which gave them an advantage despite the opponents’ better organization (Millett & Maslowski, 1994). Even with lack of discipline and ammunition, the warriors were skilled in catching their enemy by surprise. The Indian warriors especially in the west had no lands or vehicles to protect; hence they had greater mobility and could simply avoid the army in one-to-one battles where they could easily get outnumbered. They could lie low and spread around the land and sneak upon the opponents at the right time. It was hence very difficult for the attacking army to force the Indians into battle and this was very advantageous for the Indian warriors. It can be concluded that the Indian warriors had many weaknesses but their strengths helped prolong their struggle against the whites. Works Cited Millett, A. R., & Ma slowski, P. (1994). For the common defense: a military history of the United States of America. Free Press; Rev Exp edition.