Road Safety Essay Essay Example for Free

Road Safety Essay Essay Driving age young people under 25 make up around one-tenth of the population in OECD countries, but represent more than a quarter of car drivers killed on the road (See Figure 1). And they are not only a danger to themselves. Studies in the US and the Netherlands show that for every 10 young drivers killed, 13 passengers or other road users also die in the same crashes. Worldwide, road crashes are the single greatest cause of death for men aged 15-29, and the second greatest for 15-29-year-olds overall, according to World Health Organization (WHO) figures. Even in countries with a good overall road safety record, large numbers of young lives are being lost on the roads – more than 8 500 young car drivers die in OECD countries every year, and death rates for young drivers are typically about double those of older drivers. Although overall road safety is improving, the ratio between young and older driver death rates has not improved in many countries, so there is clearly a need for specific measures to tackle the problem of young people’s safety on the roads (See Figure 2). see more:short article on road safety Young men are particularly at risk, with death rates up to three times higher than those for young women. To make matters worse, the risk for young male drivers compared to older drivers has actually risen in a number of countries over the past decade. In the UK, for example, in 1994 a young male driver’s risk of being in a fatal crash was a little over 4.5 times that of a driver aged 30-59; by 2002 this had risen to 7 times greater. Young drivers have high numbers of crashes when driving at night and on weekends, and when carrying young passengers. Many crashes are the result of speeding and while driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Failure to use seatbelts is also a key factor in death and injuries. Young people are over-represented in single-car and loss-of-control crashes, and crashes where the driver is turning across oncoming traffic. Apart from the enormous social costs, these highway tragedies impose a huge economic cost burden.

Chronicle of a Death Foretold Essay -- Chronicle of a Death Foretold V

Chronicle of a Death Foretold The type of violence portrayed in Chronicle of a Death Foretold is more of an honor killing, in which two innocent young men feel pressured by society to become violent, instead of their own intentions. The standards and expectations of the society and their own mother who summoned them with the problem expected them to take care of the situation and regain their sister's honor. The kind of violence seen in Billy Budd differs in that it is a regulatory measure meant to keep order and obey the rules of a society and an institution. While both acts of violence are not the pure testosterone driven raging acts seen in modern day news broadcasts, they differ in that they also show a background of honest premeditation. Both were committed for very serious, purposeful reasons of which the murderers knew the full weight of their actions and that was exactly what they intended. In both novels, the murder committed took away a good person's life, while to many witnesses and accomp lices there was a shadow of doubt as to the good intentions and reasoning behind these deeds. The misguided intentions began in Marquez's novel witht he arrival and objectives of Bayardo San Roman. He thinks he deserves a "perfect" bride and has come to this small Caribbean town to find her. Based on looks he picks Angela Vicario, without even knowing her or spending time alone he wants to spend his life with her. This kind of egotism and obvious materialism demonstrates that Bayardo wants Angela based on her looks and "pure" reputation that there are "no better-reared daughters" than the Vicario ones (Marquez 31). She personally means nothing to him, and he wants her for all of the wrong reasons. He is able to... ...to happen, regardless of a moralist’s sense of justice and human rights. Their job was to serve Britain in her Navy during the time of Napoleon, regardless of the personal infringements on the liberties of the crew. Those were minor in comparison to the safety of Britain and her King. The sense of regret and shadow of doubt which lingers after each of these murders, Billy Budd’s execution and the murder of Santiago Nasar, indicates injustice of the system and special circumstances. If the Vicario brothers did not live in a time when all felt it was their â€Å"duty† to find Angela’s â€Å"seducer,† then they would not have been compelled to commit the act they did. If Billy Budd was not at sea during a time of serious mutinies and heightened rebellions worldwide, the same atmosphere would have allowed him more justice and time for a complete trial, perhaps on land.

Renowned Jamaican Scientist Dr. Manley West

Renowned Jamaican scientist Dr. Manley West Dr West was a scientist. He taught pharmaco-logy at the University of the West Indies, Mona. Significantly, with Dr Albert Lockhart, he developed Canasol, a drug for the treatment of the eye disease, glaucoma, from cannabis, or ganja. Born in Portland, West attended the Titchfield High School. He graduated from the University of London, England, in 1967 with a Doctor of Philosophy in pharmacology.His career at the UWI began as assistant lecturer in pharmacology in 1964, from which position he was promoted to lecturer and internal examiner in pharmacology in 1968. Thereafter, in 1975, West served as acting head of the Department of Pharmacology and in that same year was appointed head of the Department of Pharmacology and chief internal examiner. He was appointed professor of pharmacology in 1981.West has received national and international acclaim for his development of the drug Canasol, as a treatment for glaucoma, for which achievement he was awarded the Order of Merit from the Government. In 1985, Professor West along with Dr. Albert Lockhart received national and international acclaim, for their development of   Canasol. Both were awarded the Order of   Merit from the Jamaican Government in 1987. Professor West was also awarded the Gold Musgrave medal from the Institute of   Jamaica for his pioneering work with the drug.In 2001, Professor  West, and Dr. Lockhart introduced a cannabis-derived medication called Cantimol to treat the potentially debilitating condition of glaucoma. It was the world's first combination of an alpha agonist and a bet blocker (two types of drugs) in one bottle for the treatment of this disease. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) also conferred on him the Bio-Diversity Gold medal for the conversion of  a plant compound to medicine, and he was awarded the Legacy of  Honor, for the Caribbean for his contribution to mankind.

Identity Formation Essay

Identity formation is a universal term for young girls and boys who are trying to create themselves once they have that self awareness concept. There are many experiments that show media, peer pressure, and environmental factors contribute towards alternating a person’s identity. Natural observation and the longitudinal study can show the changes that form when a person encounters a social environmental factor that can alter their own identity which; it could be through friends, pressure to fit in, or celebrity envy. Two research methods that would prove to show that media, peer pressure, and social environmental factors do influence identity formation would be studying a participant over a long period time and studying a person in a natural setting with out them knowing. For example doing a longitudinal study on a participant will show the influences of different factors that will have on a certain participant through out their development. Doing this kind of research method will show the progress of changes in that participant’s life and will show the researcher the affect it has on her or his identity development. For example a young girl who always watches celebrities through out her childhood and into her teen years will show an affect on her identity rather then someone who is taught on real life and how people are suppose to look like or act. â€Å"Adolescents who watched music videos were more likely to recognize and relate to the socially competent behaviors demonstrated in the music videos than to the negative images or entertainment only value of the video (Te’Neil Lloyd 2000). † Using a natural setting can show researchers if participants act differently in real life after watching certain movies or shows. Without the participant knowing they are being studied they will show a natural behavior and most likely send out a false identity after being exposed to those social media factors. The downside about using these two research methods can be both participants can drop out anytime they want. Such as using the longitudinal study the young participant can drop out of the study anytime of his/her life. To make sure this study is ethical is to have a parent’s permission for their child to participate in this study over their entire development span. For the natural setting observation study the researchers cannot talk to whoever they are observing which can lead to involvement towards the study and interrupting the natural behavior. To make sure this type of research study is ethical is to not use names and make sure other people cannot find these participants in their community. Or they can tell their participants that they want to observe them, but not tell them when and do the observation randomly. Overall identity formation can be manipulated at anytime in the child’s development stages; media, magazines, and their own peer group can change how they view themselves. Using a natural setting for observation, and longitudinal study can show researchers that social factors and environmental factors can influence identity formation. Overall social media, celebrity shows, and environmental factors have a heavy impact on our lives each day. Many young girls and boys try to find their own medium with all these barriers to overcome with trying to fit in at school or watching TV shows that show unrealistic behaviors and appearances for the real world. â€Å"Teenaged adolescents watch more movies than any other segment of the population. More than 4 million adolescent girls monthly purchase magazines such as Seventeen and Sassy (Evans et aL, 1991), and three-fourths of white females aged 12-14 read at least one magazine regularly (Klein et al. , 1993). Add to this videos, books, and newspapers, and the total amounts to a significant part of the daily experience of adolescents (Jensen Arnett 1995). † This fact shows many girls and boys are exposed to a lot of media, gossip magazines and movies that many people envy for their life and identity to be like.

_Oedipus_Rex_Irony_Paper- Essays - Culture, Human Behavior

_Oedipus_Rex_Irony_Paper- Essays - Culture, Human Behavior Oedipus Paper The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle developed a theory in regards to literature in a text known as his Poetics , which distinguished 6 categories of components that create a literary work and a tragedy. An ancient Greek tragedian by the name of Sophocles wrote a series of works and his literary work on the story of Oedipus Rex from the Theban Plays supports concepts outlined within Aristotle's Poetics. Aristotle established that the most important portion of a literary work was the plot and the structure of a story. He also proclaimed that a tragedy would be something which imitates an impactful action. This action is to have a specific magnitude that is conveyed through the use of artistic language and situations at various points during the developing plot. The most significant aspect of a literary work that identifies it to be a tragedy would be that once it begins to come to a conclusion one should feel pity and/or fear for the one who suffered through the trails of the story. The magnitude of the irony in Oedipus Rex is extremely significant to the development of the plot. At each stage Sophocles manages to exhibit each portion of story structure that was outlined in Aristotle's Poetics . In ancient Greece the philosopher Aristotle defined what he believed to be literature. In his definition he proclaimed the significance of simple and complex plots, hero, and catharsis to the production of literature. He established that of all these components the plot and structure of a story are the most significant aspect of defining a literary work determining that "Plots are either simple or complex...I call Simple, when the change of fortune takes place without Reversal of the situation and without Recognition", whereas Aristotle states that, "A complex action is one in which the change is accomplished by such Reversal, or by Recognition, or by both" Aristotle determined that every piece of work must follow a specific construction(Poetics X). A complex plot would be a story with a beginning, a middle, and an end with a Reversal in between the beginning and middle, and a Recognition in between the middle and end. In examining the Poetics section XI one may assert that a reversal is when a situation "veers round to its opposite", as it pertains to Oedipus Rex a reversal presents itself through ironic occurrences whether or not they are revealed at said point in the plot. Meanwhile, a Recognition is by Aristotle's standards "a change from ignorance to knowledge" which invokes extreme emotion. One is able to find this true in Oedipus Rex, and additionally is able to see that once one undergoes a recognition the recognition is of something that which is of the most ironic nature. Not only does the work of Oedipus Rex support Aristotle's theory of literature by displaying the characteristics that he defined as having a complex plot, but it does so through linguistic and situational irony at each stage of the development of the pla y. The structure and impact of Sophocles's literary work, Oedipus Rex, is significantly impacted by the irony within it. Aristotle said that a real; complex literary work has two major points within its plot. The reversal and the recognition. Both within Oedipus Rex are controlled by irony, on page 35 the situation within Thebes veers to its opposite when Oedipus himself is accused of being he who he sought "hear this: upon your head is the ban your lips have uttered-from this day forth Never to speak to me or any here. You are the cursed polluter of this land" the plots takes an ironic twist when evidence presents itself that would support that Oedipus killed Laius. This situational irony is significant to the development of the story because now Oedipus is presented with a conflict. He now must investigate to see if these rumors are true, and tensions rise now given that Oedipus must now subconsciously be considering what his consequence may be if he was in fact the doer of the deed. This ironic reversal supports Aristotle's theory because it creates the main conflict of the play. The story of Oedipus Rex continues to support Aristotle's theory

Policy advocacy to fight HIV discrimination and stigma Essay

Policy advocacy to fight HIV discrimination and stigma - Essay Example The HIV/AIDS-related stigma refers to the negative attitudes, prejudice or maltreatment that is directed at HIV infected people. Some of the consequences that are brought about by discrimination include being shunned by relatives and general community. It also takes the form of being maltreated in the healthcare, education institution and lack of rights. The stigma may also result in the psychological damage of the concerned individual. With increased development of drugs that could improve the living condition of people living with HIV, research has shown that stigma is still the single most barriers to the policy actions of governments. It is, therefore, necessary to formulate and implement a policy that would reduce the stigma associated with HIV. Stigma is the main reason why people are afraid to go the health institutions to determine if they are infected or not. One may, therefore, suspect that they are infected but would prefer to stay in denial so that he or she may not be pu blicly humiliated. The fear of the social disgrace from both friends and general society makes the HIV become a killer disease despite the availability of retroviral medicines. It is the view of this paper that effective sex and HIV education policy needs to be established to prevent stigma. This would be a more effective way of preventing the devastation of AIDS epidemic in the USA as it would not only increase awareness of the scourge but equip the young people with skills to provide support to the infected and affected.

National Ward Level Classification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

National Ward Level Classification - Essay Example Population census is a tool for the government and other authorities to get the knowledge of the people residing in the country and their whereabouts. The chosen census variables were selected on the basis of the requirement of the modern age and are regarded as the most reliable document by many writers. Population census is done after every ten years in UK. People are distributed in it with the help of different classification. Classification is to distribute the population on the basis of their locality etc. population is calculated by the government by dividing it into different clusters. With the help of clustering people, it gets easy for the government to keep the record of people, their occupation, age, job and other characteristics. This helps them in getting different benefits for their people. Data records are important nowadays for security reasons as well. Questionnaires were distributed among the citizens for the population census. People had to answer different questio ns which were comprised on four pages. The security of personal information was made sure by the government. The method of gaining the results of the questionnaire was digitalized. The forms were passed through machines which detected answers and kept a record of them. The paper was recycled later. Ward level classification was developed by the available for the office of national statistics. With the help of different formulas the population census is calculated and stored in databases. Details of the methodology of the national ward level classification and how the clusters were labeled. The chosen census variables were selected, the purpose of the multivariate statistical analysis techniques used and how labels (names) were decided for the final set of clusters at the different levels in the hierarchy.   2.1 Census The census is the count of people and households and is the most reliable source of information (ONS, 2011). According to the Office for National Statistics (2011), it is made sure that every individual is included in the survey. The UK census provides a comprehensive picture of the entire population residing there. The population census in the United Kingdom is carried out after every ten years. In UK, the population census is carried out regularly after every decade with the exception of the year 1941 due to war (Barrow, 2012). 2.2 Classification It is the distribution of population on the basis of similar features or attributes that come together in groups or patches. The classification area, ‘geo-demographics’ is used for the purpose of understanding the classification for population census. According to Harris, Sleight and Webber (2005, pp.2), geo-demographics is the segmentation of people by getting the knowledge of the fact that where they reside. 2.3 Cluster Analysis and details of methodology of classification The segmentation of people on the basis of where they reside etc is making clusters of people into groups whose in formation is easy to analyze. The cluster analysis is however a complex process. In the cluster analysis none of the information is wrong but things differ place to place and person to person. Arabie, Hubert and Soete (1996, pp. 341) discuss that Milligan proposed a seven step process for the cluster analysis. The difference between clustering and cluster analysis lies in the means by which clusters are formed and steps in the analysis. Milligan seven steps are clustering variables, clustering elements, variable standardization, and measure of association, clustering methods, number of clusters and interpretation and testing (Arabie, Hubert and Soete, 1996, pp. 341-343). 2.4. 2001 population census UK and ward level classification There were different variables selected in the 2001 population c